In Sweden today, they’ll be celebrating Lucia Day with lights and treats and song.
My paternal grandmother is Swedish (her parents – my great-grandparents – emigrated to the US from Sweden as young adults; my grandmother was born in the US). My family always celebrated holidays and special occasions with Swedish food and traditions. But we never celebrated or acknowledged Lucia Day! In fact, I never heard of Lucia Day until I was a much older child, and living far away from my Swedish family. (Trust me, I would have been all over that costume . . . with fire-on-my-head!) In fact, I learned more about Lucia Day from Erin’s American Girl doll, Kirsten, than I ever did from my Swedish family.
So I decided to delve into this tradition-of-my-heritage . . . that I never celebrated!
Here’s what I learned . . .
Lucia Day – also called Saint Lucy’s day – can be traced back to the 4th century. A Christian feast day, it commemorates the martyr Lucia of Syracuse, who, as legend has it, brought food to Christians hiding in Roman catacombs, lighting her way with a candlelit wreath on her head. December 13 was the historic Julian calendar’s shortest day, and according to Swedish folklore, the long night was dangerous, with dark spirits out in force. Staying awake was paramount, and eating helped – another connection to the small feast associated with today’s Lucia celebration. Lucia made her first recorded appearance in a Swedish rural home in 1764, but the custom really established itself in the 1900s. Now, Lucia celebrations happen throughout Sweden — in churches, townhalls, and even in restaurants. Celebrations are also broadcast on radio and TV.
Leading the procession, Lucia is trailed by handmaidens (‘tärnor’), star boys (‘stjärngossar’), and gingerbread men (‘pepparkaksgubbar’). Lucia’s defining feature is the lit-up wreath on the top of her head. Traditionally, real candles were used, but for safety reasons they’ve been replaced by battery-powered ones. The handmaidens typically wear glitter or a wreath (without candles) in their hair, and glitter or a decorative red ribbon around their waists. Star boys wear all-white – just like Lucia and the handmaidens – with cone-like hats and star-adorned sticks. The lantern-carrying gingerbread men sport full gingerbread costumes.
Not only the bearer of light, Lucia also offers an assortment of treats — gingerbread biscuits and an S-shaped saffron bun called a “Lussekatt” – a treat almost as classic as the cinnamon bun. (Apparently, many Swedes would find it sacrilege to eat a Lussekatt at any other time than Lucia and the weeks leading up to Christmas.) Small cups of “glögg” (mulled wine) are shared as the traditional Lucia Day drink, along with hot coffee or cocoa.
Sounds fun (and tasty), doesn’t it?
You can hear/watch a Swedish Lucia celebration for yourself (the music is lovely) . . .
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My Swedish family may not have made much of Lucia Day . . . but we did nibble on Lussekatt and sip glögg at the holidays! Glögg is one of my favorite winter beverages. It’s easy to make, although you do need to plan ahead a little bit. Here’s my favorite glögg recipe . . . maybe you’d like to try some yourself.
Swedish Glögg
Servings: Makes about 1 1/2 quarts (I keep my leftovers in a container in the refrigerator and re-heat whenever I want a glass.)
INGREDIENTS
2 cinnamon sticks, broken into (small-ish) pieces
1 tsp cardamom pods (or you can use cardamom seeds)
1 small piece ginger, peeled
Grated zest of one orange
6 whole cloves
1 cup vodka, whiskey, or Aquavit (I usually use vodka)
1/4 cup chopped fruit (I use dried cherries, apricots, and dates, but whatever you like is fine)
1/4 cup raisins
1 750-ml bottle dry red wine
1 cup ruby port or Madeira
DIRECTIONS
1. Crush the cinnamon and cardamom using a mortar and pestle (or put them on a cutting board and crush them with the bottom of a heavy pot). Put them in a small glass jar and add the ginger, orange zest, cloves, and vodka (or other alcohol), and dried fruit. Let stand for 24 hours (or so).
2. Strain the vodka through a fine sieve into a large saucepan; discard the spices. Add the red wine, port or Madeira, and heat over medium heat just until bubbles start to form around the edges.
3. Serve the glögg hot in mugs, with a few almonds and raisins in each one. Keep any remaining glögg warm over very low heat until ready to serve (do not let it boil). (If you’re serving glögg for a party or gathering, you can leave it on very low heat for hours.)
Notes: Some people add sugar to the mix when they add the wine and port, but I do not. It is traditional to “float” raisins and blanched almonds in the glögg when you’re serving it, but I don’t do that either. My recipe is loosely based on this one from Marcus Samuelsson; I’ve made several modifications over the years. I use inexpensive wine and port when I make glögg — and no one ever complains.
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If you’re wondering what this “advent calendar” is all about, you can read my “intro” post here.
I have a friend who celebrated St. Lucia day every year with her daughter dressed in the robe and all the extras. It was very fun to hear her talk about this tradition. And my daughter had the American girl doll, Kirsten so we made her the robes and crown one year. Makes me want to look into more cultural holiday traditions.
My paternal grandmother was born in Sweden and she lived with us for a while at the end of her life. She loved to show us pictures of her celebrating Lucia and they were lovely. My sister and I begged our parents to let us wear a crown of candles but for some reason, they wouldn’t agree.
I made lussekatter on Sunday and we’ve been enjoying those tasty saffron buns all week! I did get to be Lucia one year in our church’s celebration and it was so fun! I loved the white dress and the red velvet ribbon belt. I had to wear battery operated candles, sadly, and not real ones!
Years ago I went to a St. Lucia day celebration at a Swedish Lutheran church in NY. The girls wore wreaths on their heads with four tall taper candles that were lit. They processed into the church while singing, gave their concert, and then processed out with the candles lit the whole time. It was very beautiful and moving, but I worried about them catching their hair on fire the whole time.
I was just looking at my Ancestry DNA results the other day and I am 5% Swedish/Danish. It comes from both sides of the family, but it must be WAY back in the line because I don’t recall coming across anyone actually born in Sweden or Denmark. Anyway, I shall cheer my ancestors & celebrate that 5% this year by trying your excellent glögg recipe — always looking for something to make with the Aquavit!
The music is just beautiful! (and that glögg sounds delicious!) I don’t have any Scandinavian ancestry…by my ex came from Danish/Swedish stock. His grandparents spoke the native tongue. I love learning these beautiful traditions… it makes the world seem so cozy and welcoming! (My German nana always put candles on her Christmas tree… those were the only lights, I loved how simple it was!)
Lucia Day is a favorite (and Elsa’s hyped to get to wear the ‘big crown’ this year; Linc’s star boy cap is long outgrown…as is his willingness!). But even growing up with a traditional Swedish Christmas , not one member of the Swedish side of my family celebrated it! I just saw that a local church is celebrating with a service this Saturday—unheard of when I was a kid. Which makes me wonder if it was left behind by the immigrant generation in efforts toward assimilation.
Funny — I also knew about this celebration from the Kirsten the American Girl! I do love how many celebrations there are around the world that are all about bringing light and joy to the darkest days.
Both sets of my maternal great-grandparents immigrated from Sweden, making my mom a full-blooded Swede and me 50%. (Add in my 25% Danish from Dad and I’m plenty Scandinavian!) That said, a lot of this information was new to me; I had only a basic familiarity with Lucia Day and the wreath of candles — so thanks for that! It’s probably good you didn’t know about her and her flaming headwear when you were young… 🙂
The Glogg sounds delicious (though I’m not usually fond of warm alcoholic drinks). I love the idea of candles in a wreath on someone’s head (not really safe I guess, but sounds fun).
We are Swedish on my mother’s side. My mother always had a few decorations. I usually get my fix from the Wendy Knits blog as I tend to forget when everything is. I do plan to make a Swedish Chocolate Cake for Xmas which I am looking forward to trying along with some brownie cookies in the shape of the Dala horse.
My mom’s father immigrated from Sweden as a 20-something; he met my grandmother in Wisconsin where he was studying farming. My mom tells stories of celebrating St Lucia day, but we never did … maybe it’s that hair on fire thing? Growing up, our Christmas traditions were a mix of Swedish and German (my grandmother’s family immigrated from Germany in the mid 1800’s) … the food was fantastic!
Gustavus Adolphus College in St Peter MN has a St Lucia festival every year, complete with a St Lucia queen. She is elected by the students (kinda like homecoming queen in high school) and wears the crown of greenery and candles on Santa Lucia Day.